Low's pain is the symptom that is rarely paid.Most people associate it with work in a sitting position, raising weights or osteochondrosis and are not in a hurry to see a doctor.In fact, this condition may indicate the diseases of the kidneys, the liver or the intestines, and the problems with the musculoskeletal system will not pass through themselves.Only a timely inspection of a specialist and a complete exam will help identify the cause of pain and choose the correct treatment.
General Information
The lower back is an area that experiences a significant load due to being vertical.The spine is represented by five great vertebrae, which are also strengthened by the muscle frame.9 out of 10 cases of pain in this area are caused precisely by the pathology of the musculoskeletal system: osteochondrosis, muscular spasm, hernia of the intervertebral disc, pinch of the nerve root.
The remaining 10% of the cases is associated with diseases of the internal organs located in the lower back projection: kidneys, genitourinary system, intestine, liver.Even a doctor, when examining, cannot always determine the cause of pain, so this condition requires an exhaustive laboratory and an instrumental diagnosis.
Types of pain
The first thing the doctor asks is the nature of the sensations.Depending on the cause that caused it, lumbar pain can be:
- Acute: generally arises abruptly, characterized by high intensity;The duration of the sensations is not more than 1.5 months;
- Subagudo: lasts 6-12 weeks;
- Chronic: sensations of any intensity that lasts 12 weeks or more;
- Transfer (variable): appears periodically;
- pain;
- dumb;
- Strong, average, weak intensity.
This division is conditional.Depending on the situation and circumstances, the nature and duration of the sensations can vary.It is important to describe them as fully as possible.
Reasons
The reasons why the back begins to hurt in the lower back.Most of the time, provocative factors serve:
- hypothermia;
- weightlifting;
- Distribution of unequal load (in the context of pregnancy, posture disorders, pathology of the musculoskeletal system);
- infectious injury;
- Musculoskeletic system diseases;
- inflammatory processes, including autoimmune;
- long stay in an awkward position;
- change in the composition of bone tissue (osteoporosis);
- Volumetric processes: benign and malignant tumors, abscesses;
- hormonal changes (menstruation, pregnancy, menopause);
- kidney diseases (urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, abscesses);
- Gastrointestinal tract pathology;
- Diseases of the uterus and appendices in women, prostate in men, etc.
Diseases
Low's pain can be a symptom of various diseases of the musculoskeletal system and internal organs.The doctor's main task is to find out what exactly caused the deterioration of the condition and take the necessary measures.
There are pathologies that are more common here.
Anyllosing spondyl artis
This is a systemic inflammatory disease, in which individual vertebrae occurs in a single conglomerate.At the same time, the calcium deposit is produced in ligaments that stabilize the spine, as a result of which the affected area almost completely loses mobility.
The distinctive characteristics of lumbar pain with ankylosing spondylitis include:
- an increase in resting intensity, especially with prolonged finding in a horizontal position;
- Restriction of movements in the lumbar region;
Lumbar column osteochondrosis
This is a very common disease, in which intermittent discs are thinner, playing the role of shock absorbers.As a result, the nerve roots and cramps of the surrounding muscles that cause severe pain are irritated.In the late stage of the disease, a hernia of the intervertebral disc is formed, which can press on the spinal cord, improving pain.
With osteochondrosis, pain intensifies:
- By raising the sedentary or horizontal position;
- when he tries to lie in the stomach;
- With inclinations.
If the disease causes the formation of a massive hernia, back pain is often accompanied by numbness and weakness of one or both legs.
The curvature of the column in the lumbar region (kyphosis, scoliosis)
The pain in this pathology occurs in the middle and late stage of the development of the disease.The discomfort usually occurs at the end of the day and is often accompanied by fatigue of the spinal muscles.The pain is caused more frequently by the cramps of the muscles of the spine, and it is also possible to explore the muscles in the extraction (buttocks, perosemantles of the upper and lower extremities).
Spondilartrosis
This is a degenerative-dystophical disease of the cartilage, which covers intervertebral discs.It is gradually thinner and destroyed, bone growth (osteophytes) appear around the injury area.As a result of a reduction in the distance between the vertebrae, the narrow spinal channel, the nerve roots and the spinal cord are irritated.
Pain with this pathology:
- It intensifies after the loading (long -term stay in standing position, walking) and passes after the break;
- Accompanied by movements, first in the morning, then constant;
- It can be given to the thigh and the hip joint area.
The muscles in the area of the injury are spasmodic and constantly in tension, which also improves pain.
UROLINA DISEASE
A urolitiasis attack is characterized by severe low -lumbar pain affected.At the same time, the sensations do not change depending on the pose, a person cannot find a position in which they weaken at least a little.The attack is often accompanied by a reduction in the amount of urine and a change in its color to the reddish.
Low's pain can also be a consequence:
- Algomenor (painful menstruation);
- pregnancy;
- pancreatic inflammation;
- osteomyelitis;
- intestinal obstruction;
- appendicitis, etc.
Pain in various parts of the back
Pain location can say a lot about its cause.The pain in the upper part of the lumbar region can be a consequence:
- column diseases;
- wounds;
- muscle spasm against the bottom of its over -overtime;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- tumors;
- Gastrointestinal tract diseases.
If the epicenter is located at the bottom of the lower back, the list of probable reasons includes, in addition to the diseases of the spine:
- renal pathology (pyelonephritis, urolitiasis);
- intestinal interruption (constipation, flatulence);
- spasms or inflammatory process in pelvic organs (salpingooforite, endometritis);
- Physiological causes, in particular, pregnancy;
- Pinching the sciatic nerve.
The displacement of the pain to the right or to the left can indicate the lesion of the corresponding spine of the spinal cord, the kidneys.
Diagnosis
Lumbar pain diagnosis requires a comprehensive exam.The first stage of searching for reason is the survey.The doctor clarifies:
- Pain location;
- its character and duration;
- causes that cause an attack or improve pain;
- Circumstances in which the condition improves (a certain pose, immobility, drug taking, etc.).
Data on injuries and diseases, already identified chronic pathologies are collected without fail.Another possible search for diagnosis at the doctor's discretion includes:
- General blood and urine test: helps identify the inflammatory process in the body, renal pathology;
- Biochemical blood analysis to identify signs of renal damage, pancreas, liver and gallbladder, etc.;
- Ultrasound of abdominal organs and pelvis, in men: ultrasound of the prostate gland;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys;
- Radiography, CT or MRI of the lumbar column;
- X -Ray of the chest.
In case of suspicion of any pathology after a diagnosis and inspection of review, more specific tests, exams and consultations of narrow specialists are prescribed.They allow you to clarify or refute the diagnosis.
Treatment
The low back pain treatment depends on its cause.A neurologist, a urologist, a gynecologist and a surgeon can participate in a pathology.If we are talking about diseases of the musculoskeletal system, doctors use medical methods, not drugs and surgical to improve the patient's condition.
Drug treatment
The most common media to eliminate lower back pain are non -steroid anti -inflammatory medications (NSAIDs).They are prescribed in the form of tablets, intravenous and intramuscular injections, rectal suppositories, as well as creams, ointments and plasters for local use.The doctor makes the decision on the dose of the product, as well as the duration of the course, since the unofficial use of these medications can cause unpleasant side effects.
If the NSAIDs are ineffective, doctors recipe hormonal medications (corticosteroids).They also stop the inflammatory process and help reduce pain.
The third group of medications that improve the patient's condition is antispasmodics.They eliminate muscle cramps in the lower back.
In addition, they can be named:
- decongestant to reduce the edema of a pinch root;
- B vitamins to improve nerve conduction;
- sedatives
Non -fragmentary methods
The non -fragment treatment complements medicinal schemes.Depending on the clinical situation, it can include:
- Physiotherapeutic procedures (magnetotherapy, laser effect, electrophoresis, etc.);
- Physiotherapy exercises: The course of exercises develops individually according to the main and related diseases;Gymnastics must be done regularly, not only in the clinic's office, but also at home, only in this case it has an effect;
- General strengthening and therapeutic massage (carried out outside the exacerbations);
- acupuncture;
- Manual therapy and assistance to osteopaths.
Surgical treatment
The surgeon's help is necessary if the treating doctor based on the general image reveals one of the indications for surgical treatment.The presence of an intervertebral album hernia is not an indication for surgical treatment, regardless of its size.Depending on the indications, doctors can eliminate the hernia from the intervertebral disc, eliminate compression of the spinal cord roots, eliminate the tumor, etc.The decision to perform a private operation is taken individually.
Prevention
The most effective way to prevent low back pain is to adjust your lifestyle to avoid kidneys, spine and pelvic organs, but if pain often arose, this should be the reason for an extraordinary attraction for a specialist:
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Prevent hypodinamia;
- Practicing sports at the level of amateur (swimming is especially beneficial affects the condition of the spine and back);
- Correctly and balanced to eat: avoid eating in excess, minimize fatty, spicy and excessively salty foods;
- exclude alcohol and nicotine;
- Drink at least 1.5 liters of pure water a day without taking into account tea, coffee or juices;
- Keep the body mass index at a normal level: excess weight does not affect the condition of the spine, and deficiency can cause renal veneration.
If a person has already diagnosed the pathology of the musculoskeletal system, preferably at least twice a year, according to the European recommendations for the rehabilitation of the pathology of the spine, to undergo preventive courses according to the appointment of a doctor.